path: root/tco.asm

; Copyright (C) 2025 Aiden Gall
;
; This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
; (at your option) any later version.
;
; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
; GNU General Public License for more details.
;
; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
; along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

format ELF64

public tco_go
public tco_args
public tco_yield

; assembly-time configuration options
include 'config.inc'
assert (STACK_CAPACITY mod 16) = 0
assert MALLOC in <posix_memalign,aligned_alloc,mmap>

; circular singly-linked list containing callee-saved registers and instruction
; pointer to resume execution of coroutine when yielded to
struc ctx_node next {
	label .

	.next dq next

	irps reg, rsp rbp rbx r12 r13 r14 r15 rip \{
		.\#\.\#reg dq ?
	\}
}

virtual
	@@ ctx_node ?
	CTX_NODE_SIZEOF = $-$$
end virtual

if MALLOC in <posix_memalign,aligned_alloc>
	extrn MALLOC
	extrn free

else if MALLOC eq mmap
	SYS_MMAP      = 9
	SYS_MUNMAP    = 11

	PROT_READ     = 1 shl 0
	PROT_WRITE    = 1 shl 1

	MAP_PRIVATE   = 1 shl 1
	MAP_ANONYMOUS = 1 shl 5
	MAP_GROWSDOWN = 1 shl 8
end if

section '.text' executable
; int tco_go(void (*f)(...))
; spawns a coroutine
tco_go:
	call stash

	; pushing rdi also aligns stack to 16 byte boundary for function call
	push rdi

if MALLOC eq posix_memalign
	sub rsp, 16

	mov rdi, rsp
	mov esi, 16
	mov edx, STACK_CAPACITY + CTX_NODE_SIZEOF
	call plt posix_memalign

	test eax, eax
	jnz .oom

	mov rax, [rsp]
	mov rcx, [rsp+16]
	add rsp, 24

else if MALLOC eq aligned_alloc
	mov edi, 16
	mov esi, STACK_CAPACITY + CTX_NODE_SIZEOF
	call plt aligned_alloc

	test rax, rax
	pop rcx
	jz .oom

else if MALLOC eq mmap
	mov eax, SYS_MMAP
	xor edi, edi
	mov esi, STACK_CAPACITY + CTX_NODE_SIZEOF
	mov edx, PROT_READ or PROT_WRITE
	mov r10d, MAP_PRIVATE or MAP_ANONYMOUS or MAP_GROWSDOWN
	mov r8d, -1
	xor r9d, r9d
	syscall

	pop rcx
	cmp rax, -1
	je .oom
end if

	virtual at rax+STACK_CAPACITY
		.new_ctx ctx_node ?
	end virtual

	lea rdi, [.new_ctx]
	mov rsp, rdi

	mov rsi, [current_ctx_ptr]
	virtual at rsi
		.current_ctx ctx_node ?
	end virtual

	mov rdx, [.current_ctx.next]
	mov [.new_ctx.next], rdx
	mov [.current_ctx.next], rdi

	mov [current_ctx_ptr], rdi
	mov [prev_ctx_ptr], rsi

	; push deinit pointer to the stack, coroutine uses it as return address
	lea rdx, [deinit]
	push rdx

	; restore coroutine arguments
	irps reg, rax rdi rsi rdx r10 r8 r9 {
		mov reg, [coroutine_args.#reg]
	}

	test rax, rax
	jz @f

	rept 8 n:0 {
		movaps xmm#n, [coroutine_args.xmm#n]
	}
@@:
	jmp rcx

.oom:
if MALLOC eq posix_memalign
	add rsp, 24

else if MALLOC in <aligned_alloc,mmap>
	mov eax, 12 ; ENOMEM

end if
	ret

; void tco_args(...)
; sets the arguments of the next coroutine
tco_args:
	irps reg, rax rdi rsi rdx r10 r8 r9 {
		mov [coroutine_args.#reg], reg
	}

	test rax, rax
	jz @f

	rept 8 n:0 {
		movaps [coroutine_args.xmm#n], xmm#n
	}
@@:
	ret

; void tco_yield(void)
; yield to next coroutine
tco_yield:
	call stash
	xor eax, eax
	jmp switch

; stashes callee-saved registers
; implementation must not modify rdi as tco_go saves its argument there
stash:
	mov rax, [current_ctx_ptr]
	virtual at rax
		.current_ctx ctx_node ?
	end virtual

	virtual at rsp+8
		.return_address dq ?
		.ctx_stack_pointer dq ?
	end virtual
	lea rdx, [.ctx_stack_pointer]
	mov [.current_ctx.rsp], rdx

	irps reg, rbp rbx r12 r13 r14 r15 {
		mov [.current_ctx.#reg], reg
	}

	mov rdx, [.return_address]
	mov [.current_ctx.rip], rdx

	ret

; switches to next context
; implementation must not modify rax as tco_yield saves its return value there
switch:
	mov rsi, [current_ctx_ptr]
	virtual at rsi
		.current_ctx ctx_node ?
	end virtual

	mov rdi, [.current_ctx.next]
	virtual at rdi
		.next_ctx ctx_node ?
	end virtual

	irps reg, rsp rbp rbx r12 r13 r14 r15 {
		mov reg, [.next_ctx.#reg]
	}

	mov [current_ctx_ptr], rdi
	mov [prev_ctx_ptr], rsi

	jmp [.next_ctx.rip]

; removes coroutine context from linked list and frees stack/context
deinit:
	mov rdi, [prev_ctx_ptr]
	virtual at rdi
		.prev_ctx ctx_node ?
	end virtual

	mov rsi, [current_ctx_ptr]
	virtual at rsi-STACK_CAPACITY
		.current_stack rb STACK_CAPACITY
		.current_ctx ctx_node ?
	end virtual

	mov rdx, [.current_ctx.next]
	mov [.prev_ctx.next], rdx

	mov [current_ctx_ptr], rdi

if MALLOC in <posix_memalign,aligned_alloc>
	mov rsp, [.prev_ctx.rsp]

	lea rdi, [.current_stack]
	call plt free

else if MALLOC eq mmap
	mov eax, SYS_MUNMAP
	lea rdi, [.current_stack]
	mov esi, STACK_CAPACITY + CTX_NODE_SIZEOF
	syscall
end if
	jmp switch

section '.data' writeable
	root_ctx ctx_node root_ctx

	current_ctx_ptr dq root_ctx
	prev_ctx_ptr dq root_ctx

section '.bss' writeable align 16
coroutine_args:
	rept 8 n:0 {
		label .xmm#n dqword
		rq 2
	}

	irps reg, rax rdi rsi rdx r10 r8 r9 {
		.#reg dq ?
	}